Tomlinson and McTighe (2006, p. 108) impress upon us the fact hat there is a clear distinction between teaching for understanding and mere coverage of content area knowledge. They assert that “understanding must be earned.” Teaching subject matter in greater depth allows students to construct and reconstruct meaning for themselves because, the authors contend, student knowledge base increases and new learning alters student perspectives over the duration of a unit. Teaching for understanding requires both teacher and learner to assume refreshing new roles within the classroom. In these new roles, students are required to think in new and innovative ways to solve problems, create problems, and apply old learning to new knowledge in efforts to effectively convey understanding. In this environment, the teacher is now the facilitator of student learning. The teacher is now focused on sparking student interest by, presenting counter arguments, requiring detailed explanations, asking probing questions, and presenting information in a manner that lends itself to authentic application; thus causing students to revisit and revise their thinking.
I believe that in an academically diverse classroom the successful teacher is aware of the academic needs of individual students and is able to maintain the integrity of the lesson while effectively differentiating instruction. I argue that the effectiveness of the differentiation is, in fact, what maintains the lesson’s integrity. Tomlinson and McTighe contend that the ladder theory of learning is severely flawed in that lower- level students are doomed to an academic life of kill and drill and rote learning. Moreover, in this type of an approach the lower-level student is rarely presented with authentic opportunities to convey understanding. These students are often excluded from opportunities to utilize acquired knowledge in meaningful ways. Primarily, this is due to what teachers perceive as insurmountable gaps in acquisition of foundational skills which, they believe, make displaying understanding a ”mirage in an academic desert.” As teachers, we are only as effective as our ability to differentiate instructional material thereby giving all students an opportunity to utilize learning in authentic ways.
Ornstein speaks of a different, yet equally significant type of diversity within the classroom…cultural diversity. Who we are as individuals, our personal schema, socio-economic backgrounds and our environment all play a major role in what we learn and how we learn. As a result, he believes that academics must be taught from a perspective of cultural relevance and sensitivity. If the material is not relevant to students they will merely digest and regurgitate sterile facts that have little to no impact on their understandings and learning outcomes. Thus, I believe that student translation will not truly be learned. Without relevant material student opportunities to revisit and revise their thinking will be largely diminished as will their understanding of the material introduced.
Educators must be aware that the term “diversity” has become an important classroom word and concept. Its implications within the classroom are tremendous. Even in a homogenous setting, diversity still exists. I believe that effective differentiation produces material that is academically relevant. Effective instructional differentiation leads to increased student understanding. While, I am unsure that differentiation of content and teaching approach alone are the key, I do believe that this approach is the most effective tool in a teacher’s arsenal for addressing the unique needs of learners.
Based on what I have stated above, I now ask……………….is there a distinction between an academically diverse classroom and a culturally diverse classroom? What are the instructional implications of teaching for understanding in a culturally and an academically diverse classroom? To what degree does diversity affect what you teach and how you teach it?